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Ransomware payment reporting obligations
A “Ransomware Attack” is a cyber security breach in which a malicious actor gains unauthorised access to a computer system or network and then encrypts, exfiltrates, or otherwise compromises data or functionality.[1] Ransomware Attacks have become increasingly sophisticated, financially motivated, and disruptive across all sectors, prompting legislative intervention to regulate responses and improve national cyber…
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Default judgment – contumacious non-compliance with Court orders
The recent Federal Court case of Pieman v Monks Resources PL v Monks [2025] FCA 88 (Pieman v Monks v Monks) shows the lengths a plaintiff must go to before the Court will order default judgment based on ongoing failure by a defendant to comply with orders. The case involved allegations of misleading and deceptive…
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When a thumbs up emoji means accepting an offer
In a time where communication increasingly takes place through text messages and social media platforms, the legal recognition of non-traditional expressions, such as emojis, presents a potential evolution of the doctrine of acceptance in contract law. The 2023 Canadian decision by the Saskatchewan Court of King’s Bench (Court) in South West Terminal Ltd v Achter…
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How are Google and Microsoft implementing age verification?
From 27 December 2025, all ‘internet search engine services’ operating in Australia will be legally required to comply with Schedule 3 – Internet Search Engine Services Online Safety Code (Class 1C and Class 2 Material) (Code) registered under the Online Safety Act 2021 (Cth) (eSafety Act). The Code, registered by the eSafety Commissioner on 27…
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Appointment of experts by arbitral tribunal
Article 26 (Article 26) of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (Model Law) empowers an arbitral tribunal (Tribunal) to appoint its own expert in a dispute.[1] The expert’s role is to create a report and provide oral testimony. While parties may appoint their own experts, doing so can contravene principles of impartiality and…
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Risks when implementing retrieval-augmented generation systems
Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an artificial intelligence (AI) system architecture that combines large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, with external data retrieval processes.
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Recommended Technology, Media & Telecommunications Lawyers (TMT) – Qld 2025
“The 2025 listing of Leading Queensland Technology, Media & Telecommunications (TMT) Lawyers details solicitors practising in technology, media, and telecommunications matters in the Queensland legal market who were identified by clients and peers for their knowledge and expertise in the area.” – Doyles
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What is an indemnity clause?
The word indemnity, in its’ legal context, is defined as “legal protection against liabilities arising from one’s actions.” An indemnity clause therefore, represents the contractual embodiment of this definition, serving as a formal mechanism which protects one party from the from the actions or inactions of another. In effect, it enables parties to allocate risk…
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What is the US Take It Down Act?
The Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act (Take It Down Act ) is a United States (US) federal law enacted on 19 May 2025. The Take It Down Act amends 47 U.S. Code § 223 (Code) of the Communications Act 1934 (US) (Communications Act) by establishing new…
