copyright law

Copyright protection lawyer Brisbane

At Dundas Lawyers®, our copyright lawyers have expertise in all aspects of copyright including identifying it, protecting it and prosecuting its infringement.  Copyright can be a particularly important asset to many businesses that we work with including Software Developers, SaaS Providers, Digital Marketers, Game Developers, Online Marketplaces and Professional Services business.  Copyright is at the heart of many large international businesses. Our expertise includes advising on:

  • literary works;
  • computer code;
  • compilations of data;
  • artistic works;
  • dramatic works;
  • musical works; and
  • moral rights.

What exactly is copyright?

In Australia copyright is governed by and subsists because of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (Copyright Act).  Copyright protection in Australia is automatic, unlike the United States that requires it to be registered. Only the owner of the works in which copyright subsists, has the exclusive right to reproduce, publish and communicate it to the public.  Copyright laws seek to protect misuse of the owner’s copyright in a work from exercising those rights. 

The Copyright Act protects copyright in “works” and copyright in “subject-matter other than works”.  Works under the Part III of the Copyright Act encompass the four traditional categories of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works (Works).  Part IV of the Copyright Act covers copyright in subject-matter other than Works, and includes sound recordings, cinematograph films, television and sound broadcasts, and published editions of works in which copyright subsists.

Literary works

A literary work (Literary Work) is a species of copyright that provides protection for works that are ‘information, instruction or pleasure in the form or literary enjoyment’.  To qualify as a Literary Work there must be “a degree of originality, some labour, skill, judgment or ingenuity involved in the expression of the idea”.  For example, a book, newspaper article, letter, email, computer code or compilation of data may constitute a Literary Work.

Compilations of data

Compilations and tables of data are capable of being protected by copyright because, like computer programs they are “literary works” as defined by section 10 of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). In accordance with the provided statutory definition, to be considered a literary work, a compilation must be more than just a random collection of data.  By reason of the selection or arrangement of its a content a compilation must constitute an exercise of skill and judgement. 

Artistic works

The term artistic work (Artistic Work) is defined in section 10 of the Copyright Act 1986 (Cth) to include visual representations in the form of a painting, sculpture, drawing, engraving, photograph, building, model of a building, or work of artistic craftsmanship.  The author of the work will own copyright and the work will be protected irrespective of artistic quality.

Musical works

While the term musical work (Musical Work) is not defined in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), earlier legislation provides insight to how it has traditionally been understood.  The Copyright Act 1905 (Cth) states that a Musical Work is “any combination of melody and harmony, or either of them”.  However, to receive copyright protection, a work must be reduced to ‘material form’.  An idea alone will not receive protection.  Writing out musical scores in the form of sheet music, broadsheets or other notations are examples of reducing a Musical Work to ‘material form’.

Dramatic works

The term dramatic work (Dramatic Work) includes plays, screenplays, scripts, choreographic notation, choreographic shows and scenarios for a film, however, does not include the film itself.  This suggests that any work that is intended to be performed dramatically will constitute a Dramatic Work.  It is important to note that a Dramatic Work must be reduced to a ‘material form‘ in order receive copyright protection.  Hence it is the script or score that receives copyright protection, not the performance.  There must also be evidence of sufficient skill and labour that went into creating the Dramatic Work to make it original.

Moral rights

Moral rights are personal rights that exist in relation to literary, artistic, musical and dramatic works, films.  Moral rights emphasise a creator’s right to be credited and the subsequent protection of the personal relationship they possess with their work from unfavourable treatment.  Legislation involving the moral rights of creators are contained in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (Act).  These rights exist automatically and require no action on the behalf of the author or artist and generally remain in force for as long as copyright subsists in the works. 

Our services in relation to copyright law include:

  • advising on subsistence of copyright;
  • conducting intellectual property audits;
  • drafting all types of IP Assignment Agreements;
  • advising on steps that can be taken to protect copyright including implementing technology protection measures and use of canary tokens; and
  • drafting various copyright licensing agreements.

Dundas Lawyers® Court decisions involving copyright

Dundas Lawyers® advises on all aspects of copyright law as well as initiating and defending copyright matters in both the Supreme Court of Queensland and the Federal Court of Australia.  To see a list of our cases that involve copyright see Intellectual Property Disputes.

Recent videos about copyright protection by Dundas Lawyers®

Disclaimer
This page contains general commentary only about copyright protection.  You should not rely on the commentary as legal advice.  Specific legal advice should be obtained to ascertain how the law applies to your particular circumstances.


Why choose Dundas Lawyers®?

Having exerted Blood Sweat and Years® since April 2010 we are the team that you want on your side to protect your businesses intellectual property.  Some of the reasons clients choose Dundas Lawyers® include:

  • our Uncommon business acumen;
  • our Uncommon expertise in transactional, compliance and litigious matters;
  • our Uncommon expertise forensic case preparation;
  • our Uncommon customer focus;
  • the fact that we don’t just know law, we know business!
  • how we leverage our Uncommon Nous® to provide client centric solutions.

Considering getting a lawyer to advise your business?

For a confidential, no obligation initial telephone call to find out how we can help your business gain an uncommon advantage in copyright protection please phone our team on either 1300 386 529 or 07 3221 0013.

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Recent insights about copyright protection

  • Proposed changes to copyright for orphan works

    Proposed changes to copyright for orphan works

    On 5 November 2025, the Copyright Amendment Bill 2025 (Cth)(Bill) was introduced to the Federal Parliament to amend the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth)(Copyright Act).  The media release to the Bill explained that it proposed two (2) reforms to the Copyright Act by establishing Australia’s first statutory “orphan works” scheme and clarifying the permitted use of…

  • Federal Gov rules out copyright text and data mining exception for AI

    Federal Gov rules out copyright text and data mining exception for AI

    On 26 October 2025, the Attorney-General, Hon Michelle Rowland MP, published a media release reiterating that the current Federal Government will not introduce a text and data mining (TDM) exception to copyright infringement in the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (Copyright Act).  The Attorney-General’s Department will instead engage in further consultations with members of the Copyright…

  • Malcolm Burrows on ABC’s “Legal Eagles” segment – copyright law and the Anthropic case

    Malcolm Burrows on ABC’s “Legal Eagles” segment – copyright law and the Anthropic case

    On 10 September 2025, Malcolm Burrows appeared live on Katherine Feeney’s ABC Radio program, “Legal Eagles” as the Technology and Intellectual Property Lawyer to discuss legal issues associated with copyright subsisting in artificial intelligence (AI) training data.

  • Canva – who owns the artwork created by users?

    Canva – who owns the artwork created by users?

    The general rule about ownership of copyright in a literary or artistic work is that copyright vests in the ‘original author’, as per section 35(2) of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) (Copyright Act).  From there, ownership depends on whether or not the original author is doing the work within the scope of their employment, in…

  • Software developer obtains Court order – names behind IP addresses

    Software developer obtains Court order – names behind IP addresses

    Justice Burley of the Federal Court of Australia in the case of Siemens Industry Software Inc v Telstra Corporation Limited [2020] FCA 901 ordered that Telstra, within fourteen (14) days, provide to Siemens all documents in its control relating to the identity of certain Telstra Account holders.  Those account holders were suspected by Siemens of…

  • “User principle” damages in copyright breach cases

    “User principle” damages in copyright breach cases

    The usual position in intellectual property infringement matters is that the successful applicant can elect between an account of profits or damages.  However, what if the applicant has not suffered any direct loss as a result of the actions of the respondent that is held to have infringed its copyright?

  • Ed Sheeran wins “Shape of You” copyright case

    Ed Sheeran wins “Shape of You” copyright case

    This article examines the legal test for copyright infringement in Australia, using Ed Sheeran’s Court case in the UK as an example. Find out how the Courts determine when a song is a copy of another and what the implications are for musicians.

  • Hermès sues artist over NFT “Birkin” bags

    Hermès sues artist over NFT “Birkin” bags

    Explore the implications of virtual artworks created with the help of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and how this has caused a legal battle between a renowned fashion house and an American artist. Learn more about the copyright and trade mark infringement issues, and the implications of this case for the future of digital art.

Recent Federal Court decisions regarding copyright protection

  • Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v Telstra Limited [2024] FCA 246

    COPYRIGHT – whether site blocking orders should be made under s 115A of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) Held: site blocking and related orders made

  • Native Extracts Pty Ltd v Plant Extracts Pty Ltd (No 2) [2024] FCA 106

    INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY – whether information about extraction machine was confidential information owned by company where second respondent was former director – where machine had been identified by directors as suitable for proposed business prior to incorporation of company – where second respondent was informed about machine by third party on unrestricted basis – where evidence…

  • Chou v Metstech Pty Limited [2023] FCAFC 205

    COPYRIGHT – appeal and cross-appeals – whether primary judge erred in making a declaration as to copyright subsistence and ownership and an order for delivery up – whether the plaintiffs in the proceeding below failed to join a necessary party – whether the declaration made is an order in rem – where no objection to…

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